Prevalencia de déficit de vitamina B12 en sangre periférica de madres cursando el puerperio inmediato en el Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell

Objetivo: evaluar la prevalencia del déficit de vitamina B12 en mujeres cursando puerperio inmediato. Material y método: estudio observacional descriptivo de captación prospectiva de la cohorte en estudio. Muestra de 133 mujeres cursando el tercer trimestre de embarazo en la maternidad del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell (CHPR), Montevideo, Uruguay, entre setiembre de 2021 y octubre de 2022. Se obtuvieron muestras de sangre materna en el puerperio inmediato por punción venosa periférica. Estas muestras fueron procesadas mediante inmunoensayo de electroquimioluminiscencia. Además, se aplicó una entrevista para la evaluación de los hábitos nutricionales. Resultados: todas las pacientes reportaron tener una dieta omnívora, excepto una, que manifestó llevar una dieta vegana y recibía suplementación diaria de vitamina B12. El 75,9% de la muestra del estudio presentó un nivel socioeconómico bajo, puntuado según el cuestionario de medición de nivel socioeconómico del INSE (Índice de nivel socioeconómico, 2018 - Cámara de Empresas de Investigación Social y Mercado del Uruguay, CEISMU). Se registró una prevalencia de déficit de vitamina B12 de 39,10% (n: 52). Conclusiones: a pesar de que esta muestra de embarazadas presenta una dieta omnívora, se detectó una elevada prevalencia de déficit de vitamina B12. Dada la importancia de esta vitamina en la salud materna, fetal y neonatal, se deberían considerar políticas de salud pública de prevención de la deficiencia tanto en embarazadas como en madres lactantes.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in women during the immediate postpartum period. Method: Descriptive observational study with prospective cohort recruitment, involving a sample of 133 women in their third trimester of pregnancy at the Maternity Department of the Pereira Rossell Hospital Center (CHPR) in Montevideo, Uruguay, between September 2021 and October 2022. Maternal blood samples were obtained during the immediate postpartum period through peripheral venous puncture. These samples were processed using electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunoassay. Additionally, a nutritional interview was conducted to assess dietary habits. Results: All patients reported following an omnivorous diet, except for one who reported following a vegan diet and received daily vitamin B12 supplementation. Seventy-five point nine percent (75.9%) of the study sample exhibited a low socioeconomic status as determined by the Socioeconomic Level Measurement Questionnaire of the INSE (Socioeconomic Level Index, 2018 - CEISMU, Uruguay). Resulting in a vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence of 39.10% (n: 52). Conclusions: Despite the fact that this sample of pregnant women maintains an omnivorous diet, a high prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency was detected. Given the significance of vitamin B12 for maternal, fetal, and neonatal health, public health policies for preventing deficiency should be considered for both pregnant women and lactating mothers.

Objetivos: Avaliar a prevalência da deficiência de vitamina B12 em mulheres durante o pós-parto imediato. Métodos: Estudo observacional descritivo de recrutamento prospectivo da coorte em estudo; amostra com 133 mulheres no terceiro trimestre de gravidez na maternidade do Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell (CHPR), em Montevidéu Uruguai, entre setembro de 2021 e outubro de 2022. As amostras de sangue materno foram obtidas no pós-parto imediato por punção venosa periférica que foram processadas por imunoensaio eletroquimioluminescente. Além disso, foi realizada uma entrevista nutricional para avaliar hábitos nutricionais. Resultados: Todas as pacientes relataram ter dieta onívora, exceto uma que relatou ter dieta vegana e receber suplementação diária de vitamina B12. 75,9% da amostra apresentou baixo nível socioeconômico de acordo com o Questionário de Medição do Nível Socioeconômico do INSE (Índice de Nível Socioeconômico, 2018 - CEISMU, Uruguai). Uma prevalência de deficiência de vitamina B12 de 39,10% (n: 52) foi registrada. Conclusões: Embora esta amostra de gestantes tenha dieta onívora, uma alta prevalência de deficiência de vitamina B12 foi detectada. Dada a importância da vitamina B12 na saúde materna, fetal e neonatal, devem ser consideradas políticas de saúde pública para prevenir a deficiência tanto em mães grávidas como em lactantes.

Determinación del Derecho a Salud bucal: mujeres postparto e hijos en Santiago de Chile

Comprender desde la determinación social de la salud el papel de los procesos generales, particulares y singulares sobre la realización del derecho a salud bucal de mujeres en periodo de post-parto en Santiago de Chile. Diseño cualitativo exploratorio con mujeres primíparas o multíparas en primer trimestre postparto, beneficiarias FONASA usuarias de Chile Crece Contigo. Se aplicó encuesta de clasificación social, exámenes clínicos, entrevistas semiestructuradas o grupos de discusión. Para el nivel general se analizó profusa información referencial. Existen procesos generales que favorecen la realización del derecho a salud bucal como las políticas de protección integral a la infancia, la priorización de la atención en salud en gestantes; la existencia de derechos adquiridos para la embarazada: permiso pre y post natal y fuero maternal. Desfavorece el modelo de desarrollo neoliberal y consecuentes condiciones de pobreza, la inequidad de género y el énfasis cultural en la responsabilidad femenina sobre el cuidado. Los procesos críticos actúan en los tres niveles del modelo teórico. Si bien en el nivel particular se identifica un avance en las políticas públicas, este no redunda en una efectiva realización del derecho a nivel singular pues enfrenta elementos estructurales del nivel general, sobre todo en el ámbito laboral y cultural.

Objective: To understand from the framework of social determination of health the role of general, particular and singular processes in the realization of the right to oral health for women in the postpartum period and their newborn children during the first year of life, in Santiago de Chile. Materials and Methods: Exploratory qualitative design with FONASA beneficiary women and newborn children. A social classification survey, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were applied to primiparous or multiparous women of childbearing age in the first postpartum trimester, beneficiaries of the Intersectoral Program ÒChile Crece ContigoÓ. Discussion: For the general level, extensive reference information was analyzed. Results: Some general processes favor the realization of the right to oral health, such as comprehensive protection policies for children, the dynamics of the health care system, and the existence of acquired rights for pregnant women, such as pre and post-natal, and maternity leave. The processes that disfavor its realization are the neoliberal development model, the conditions of poverty, gender inequity (income, employment/unemployment) and cultural factors such as the emphasis on female responsibility for care. Conclusions: The critical processes for the realization of the right to oral health act at the three levels of the theoretical model. There is an advance in public policies at the individual level. However, this does not result in an effective realization of the right at a singular level since it confronts structural elements of the general level, especially in the work and cultural field.

Assistência à saúde nos transtornos mentais no período de puerpério: revisão integrativa / Health care in mental disorders in the period of puerperium: Integrative Review / Atención sanitaria en los trastornos mentales en el puerpério: Revisión integradora

No puerpério, a mulher passa por intensas mudanças de ordem familiar e social, como também de adaptações psicológicas e biológicas, que são marcadas por alterações metabólicas e hormonais complexas, sendo a fase de maior risco para o desenvolvimento de algum transtorno mental. Objetivo:Realizar uma revisão da literatura paraidentificar a assistência à saúde nos transtornos mentais no período de puerpério. Metodologia:Estudo descritivo na modalidade revisão integrativa, realizado com artigos originais disponíveis nas línguas portuguesa, inglesa e espanhola, publicados nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic LibraryOnline (SCIELO) e Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), no período de 2015 a 2021 com os seguintes descritores: assistência de enfermagem, transtornos mentais e períodopós-parto. Resultados:Foram encontrados 58artigos, dos quais 17foram selecionados ao final do processo. 10 trabalhos evidenciaram fatores associados com transtorno mental, 4 trabalhos descreveram medidas de proteção e 3 abordaram ações assistenciais de saúde na intervenção dos transtornos mentais no puerpério. Conclusões:Após análise da literatura, observa-seque o baixo suporte social e familiar se mostraram como principais fatores de risco associados aos transtornos mentais para a puérpera. Já os fatores de proteção foram relacionados com aumento do apoio familiar e assistencial por meio dos serviços de saúde, bem como a importância da enfermagem na implementação de estratégias preventivas para os transtornos mentais no puerpério (AU).

In the puerperium, women undergoes intense changes of family and social order, as well as psychological and biological adaptations, which are marked by complex metabolic and hormonal alterations, being the phase of greatest risk for the development of somemental disorder. Objective: Conduct a review of the literature to identify health care in mental disorders in the postpartum period.Methodology:Descriptive study in the integrative review modality, carried out with original articles available in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published in the scientific electronic library online (SCIELO) and Latin American literature in health sciences (LILACS) databases, from 2015 to 2021 with the following descriptors: nursing care, mental disorders and postpartum period.Results:Fifty-eight articles were found, of which 17 were selected at the end of the process. 10 studies showed factors associated with mental disorder, 4 studies described protective measures and 3 addressed health care actions in the intervention of mental disorders in the puerperium.Conclusions:After analyzing the literature, we observed that low social and family support were shown to be the main risk factors associated with mental disorders for the puerperal. On the other hand, the protective factors were related to increased family and care support through health services, as well as the importance of nursing in the implementation of preventive strategies for mental disorders in the puerperium (AU).

En el puerperio, la mujer sufre intensos cambios de orden familiar y social, así como adaptaciones psicológicas y biológicas, que se caracterizan por complejas alteraciones metabólicas y hormonales, siendo la fase de mayor riesgo para el desarrollo de algún trastorno mental.Objetivo:Realizar una revisión de la literatura para identificar la atención médica en los trastornos mentales en el período posparto. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo en la modalidad de revisión integradora, realizado con artículos originales disponibles en portugués, inglés y español, publicados en las bases de datos de la biblioteca científica electrónica en línea (SCIELO) y de la literatura latinoamericana en ciencias de la salud (LILACS), de 2015 a 2021 con los siguientes descriptores: cuidados de enfermería, trastornos mentales y puerperio.Resultados: Se encontraron cincuenta y ocho artículos, de los cuales 17 fueron seleccionados al final del proceso. 10 estudios mostraron factores asociadosal trastorno mental, 4 estudios describieron medidas de protección y 3 abordaron acciones de atención sanitaria en la intervención de los trastornos mentales en el puerperio.Conclusiones: Después de analizar la literatura, observamos que el bajo apoyo social y familiar demostró ser el principal factor de riesgo asociado a los trastornos mentales para el puerperal. Por otro lado, los factores protectores se relacionaron con el aumento del apoyo familiar y asistencial a través de los servicios de salud, asícomo la importancia de la enfermería en la implementación de estrategias preventivas para los trastornos mentales en el puerperio (AU).

Differences in Psychological Symptoms in Pregnancy and Postpartum before and during COVID-19: A Cross-sectional Study / Las diferencias en los síntomas psicológicos durante el embarazo y el postparto antes y después del COVID-19: un estudio transversal

Rationale: Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to mental health problems, including stress, anxiety, and depression. This risk has been increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and differences in psychological symptoms in pregnancy and postpartum before and during COVID-19 exists. Mental health problems can have adverse effects on both the woman, and the neonate, including miscarriages, premature births, low birth weight, and higher rates of cesarean sections and instrument-assisted deliveries. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of psychological symptoms of pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the psychological profile in a sample of pregnant women selected before the pandemic and a sample of women studied during the first wave of the pandemic. A total of 122 women were selected prior to the pandemic and 181 women during the COVID-19 outbreak. The Symptom Checklist-90 Revised (SCL-90-R) was used to assess depression and anxiety during pregnancy and in the postpartum period. Results: The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy were higher in the sample of women studied during the pandemic (SCL-90-R: M = 54.6 vs. 42.6 and M = 62.6 vs. 51.7 respectively). In the postpartum the difference between both samples of women was even higher for depression and anxiety (SCL-90-R: M = 50.4 vs. 35.0 and M = 51.3 vs. 36.0 respectively). Being a pregnant woman at the COVID-19 outbreak was directly associated with a higher score of depression symptoms (aOR = 8.67, 95% CI [3.26, 23.02], p < .001). Anxiety during childbirth was more frequently reported by women before the pandemic (aOR = 5.13, 95% CI [2.53, 10.44], p < .001). The variable stage (before /during pandemic) was also associated with having a clinical SCL-90-R score above 70 (aOR = 7.61, 95% CI [2.7, 21.47], p < .001). (AU)

Justificación: Las mujeres embarazadas son especialmente vulnerables a los problemas de salud mental, como el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión. Este riesgo se ha incrementado durante la pandemia de COVID-19, habiendo diferencias en los síntomas psicológicos en el embarazo y el puerperio antes y después de la pandemia. Los problemas de salud mental pueden tener efectos perjudiciales tanto en la mujer como en el recién nacido, como abortos espontáneos, partos prematuros, bajo peso al nacer y tasas más altas de cesáreas y partos asistidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de síntomas psicológicos de gestantes antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal para evaluar el perfil psicológico en una muestra de mujeres embarazadas seleccionadas antes de la pandemia y una muestra de mujeres estudiadas durante la primera ola de la pandemia. Se seleccionó un total de 122 mujeres antes de la pandemia y 181 mujeres durante el brote de COVID-19. Se utilizó la Inventario de Verificación de Síntomas-90 Revisada (SCL-90-R) para evaluar la depresión y la ansiedad durante el embarazo y el puerperio. Resultados: La prevalencia de síntomas de depresión y ansiedad durante el embarazo fue mayor en la muestra de mujeres estudiadas durante la pandemia (SCL-90-R: M = 54.6 vs. 42.6 y M = 62.6 vs. 51.7 respectivamente). En el postparto la diferencia entre ambas muestras de mujeres fue aún mayor para depresión y ansiedad (SCL-90-R: M = 50.4 vs. 35.0 y M = 51.3 vs. 36.0 respectivamente). Ser mujer embarazada en el brote de COVID-19 se asoció directamente con una mayor puntuación de síntomas de depresión (aOR = 8.67, IC 95% [3.26, 23.02, p < .001). Las mujeres manifestaron ansiedad durante el parto con mayor frecuencia antes de la pandemia (aOR = 5.13, IC 95% 2.53, 10.44], p < .001). La variable estadio (antes/durante la pandemia) también se asoció con tener una puntuación clínica SCL-90-R superior a 70 (aOR = 7.61, IC 95% [2.7, 21.47], p < .001). (AU)

Biopsychosocial Models of Peripartum Depression: A Narrative Review / Los modelos biopsicosociales y la depresión perinatal: una revisión descriptiva

Background: Peripartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent, heterogeneous disorder with various underlying mechanisms and unwanted outcomes. Substantial uncertainty surrounding PPD aetiology exists. To comprehensively investigate PPD, research is adopting the biopsychosocial theoretical model highlighting the interplay between biological and psychosocial factors. This paper aims to provide an overview of risk factors and biopsychosocial models of PPD. Method: A literature search was conducted in databases to identify risk factors and biopsychosocial models of PPD. Results: The most robust biological and psychosocial risk factors of PPD and findings from integrative studies are outlined. Several biopsychosocial models are identified, explaining antepartum, postpartum or peripartum depression. Integrative models show promise but differ in conceptualisation and proposed aetiological pathways underlying PPD. Conclusion: Biopsychosocial principles should be applied throughout the perinatal research and healthcare provision as a necessary landmark towards guiding future theory, improving maternal mental health care and ensuring better outcomes for mothers and children. (AU)

Antecedentes: La depresión perinatal (DPN) es un trastorno predominante heterogéneo al que subyacen diversos mecanismos y consecuencias indeseadas. Hay una gran incertidumbre sobre la etiología de la DPN. Con el fin de investigar exhaustivamente el trastorno, la investigación asume el modelo teórico biopsicosocial, que destaca la interacción entre los factores biológicos y psicosociales. El estudio pretende presentar un resumen de los factores de riesgo y de los modelos psicosociales de la DPN. Método: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de las publicaciones en las bases de datos para localizar los factores de riesgo y los modelos biopsicosociales. Resultados: Se describen los factores biológicos de riesgo psicosocial más consistentes de la DPN y los resultados de los estudios integradores. Se detectaron diversos modelos biopsicosociales que explicaban la depresión preparto, posparto y perinatal. Los modelos integradores son prometedores pero difieren en la conceptualización y las trayectorias propuestas que subyacen a la DPN. Conclusión: Deberían aplicarse los principios biopsicosociales a lo largo de la investigación perinatal y facilitar asistencia sanitaria como hito necesario que sirva de guía a la teoría futura, mejorando la asistencia mental materna y garantizando los mejores resultados para madres e hijos. (AU)

Conocimiento de las puérperas sobre los efectos perinatales del tabaquismo materno y factores sociodemográficos asociados al consumo / Knowledge of puerperal women about the effects rates of maternal smoking and factors sociodemographics associated with consumption

Objetivo. El tabaquismo materno es un factor de riesgo conductual, evitable y cuyos efectos perjudiciales alcanzan todo el ciclo vital del niño. El objetivo es valorar el conocimiento de una población de puérperas atendidas en el Hospital de la Línea de la Concepción, sobre los efectos perinatales del tabaquismo materno. Material y métodos. Estudio exploratorio, transversal (septiembre a noviembre de 2022). Muestreo consecutivo y aplicación de encuesta a 151 puérperas/ expedientes de neonatos, para recolectar información sociodemográfica, clínica obstétrica y del neonato, de consumo de tabaco y de conocimiento sobre efectos perinatales del tabaquismo materno con preguntas cerradas. Estadísticas descriptivas y comparación de grupos independientes con las pruebas t de Student y chi-cuadrado. Resultados. El consumo de tabaco previo al embarazo distinguió un 32% (48/151) de fumadoras. Se obtuvo un nivel global de aciertos entre el 45% y el 76,8%; mayor proporción de aciertos entre no fumadoras (rango 45,6-79,6%) que entre fumadoras (rango 37,5-72,9%). Para cada enunciado, el nivel de aciertos resultó sin diferencias (p>0,05) entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones. El nivel de conocimientos registrado no mostró diferencias entre fumadoras y no fumadoras. Se discuten alternativas para profundizar en la investigación y acciones integrales orientadas a reducir y eliminar el consumo de tabaco por la población femenina general y las mujeres embarazadas. (AU)

Objective. Maternal smoking is an avoidable behavioral risk factor whose harmful effects reach the entire life cycle of the child. The objective is to evaluate the knowledge of a population of puerperal women treated at the Hospital de la Linea de la Concepción (Cádiz, Spain), about the perinatal effects of maternal smoking. Material and methods. Exploratory, cross-sectional study –September to November 2022. Consecutive sampling and survey application to 151 puerperal women/newborn records, to collect sociodemographic, obstetric, and neonatal clinic information on tobacco use and knowledge about the perinatal effects of maternal smoking with closed questions. Descriptive statistics and comparison of independent groups with Student’s t and chi-square tests. Results . Tobacco use prior to pregnancy distinguished 32% (48/151) smokers. A level global of hits between45% and 76.8% was obtained; higher proportion of correct answers among non-smokers (range 45.6%-79.6%) than among smokers (range 37.5%-72.9%). For each statement, the level of correct answers was not different between both groups (p>0.05). Conclusions. The level of knowledge registered did not show differences between smokers and non-smokers. Alternatives are discussed to deepen the research and integral actions aimed at reducing and eliminating tobacco use by the general female population and pregnant women. (AU)

Salud mental perinatal en pandemia por covid-19: un estudio con puérperas en dos provincias Argentinas / Perinatal Mental Health in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study with Postpartum Women in Two Argentine Provinces

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: La salud mental perinatal está relacionada con los procesos fisiológicos, psicológicos y socioculturales implicados en la concepción, embarazo, parto, puerperio y vínculo temprano, e incluye a la díada madre-bebé. El objetivo de este trabajo fue indagar el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la salud mental perinatal, específicamente con relación a la depresión posparto (DPP) y las diversas preocupaciones que manifestaron las mujeres en este contexto. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal a través de una encuesta cara a cara con preguntas abiertas y cerradas. Se trabajó con una muestra no probabilística en tres hospitales (dos de la provincia de Entre Ríos y uno de la provincia de Buenos Aires). RESULTADOS: El 68% de las mujeres mostraron indicadores de DPP evaluada con la Escala de Edimburgo, es decir, manifestaron haberse sentido infelices y con dificultades para dormir, con miedo, tristeza, preocupación y pensamientos negativos, en la última semana. Existen relaciones significativas entre la depresión puerperal, el hospital, la cantidad de personas con las que conviven las puérperas y el estado de salud. DISCUSIÓN: Esta investigación permitió generar información útil para mejorar prácticas, intervenciones y políticas que redunden en garantía de derechos en salud mental perinatal.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Perinatal mental health is related to the physiological, psychological and sociocultural processes involved in conception, pregnancy, childbirth, puerperium and early bonding, and includes the mother-baby dyad. The objective of this work was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on perinatal mental health, specifically in relation to postpartum depression (PPD) and the various concerns expressed by women in this context. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a face-to-face survey with open and closed questions. It used a non-probabilistic sample in three hospitals (two from the province of Entre Ríos and one from the province of Buenos Aires). RESULTS: Sixty-eight percent of the women showed indicators of PPD according to the Edinburgh Scale, that is, they stated that they felt unhappy and had difficulty sleeping, with fear, sadness, worry and negative thoughts, in the last week. There are significant relationships between PPD, the hospital, the number of people with whom postpartum women live, and health status. DISCUSSION: This research generated useful information to improve practices, interventions and policies guaranteeing rights in perinatal mental health.

Valores de antitrombina, proteína C y proteína S en parejas madre-recién nacido durante el posparto / Thrombin, protein C, and protein S values in mother-infant dyads in the postpartum period

Introducción: El objetivo fue establecer valores de normalidad de antitrombina (AT), la proteína C (PC) y la proteína S (PS) dentro de la primera semana después del nacimiento en el binomio madre-recién nacido, ajustados por factores obstétricos y perinatales, según 2 métodos de laboratorio diferentes. Métodos: Se realizaron determinaciones en 83 neonatos a término sanos y sus madres, con 3 grupos de edad posparto: días 1-2, 3 y 4-7. Resultados :No hubo diferencias para ninguna de las proteínas en los distintos grupos de edad de los neonatos y las madres dentro de la primera semana posparto. El análisis ajustado no mostró ninguna asociación con factores obstétricos o perinatales. Los valores de AT y PC en las madres fueron mayores que en los neonatos (p<0,001), mientras que la PS mostró valores similares. La correlación global de los valores entre los pares madre-recién nacido fue escasa, salvo para la PS libre en los en los siguientes 2 días al parto. Aunque no se encontraron diferencias entre los 2 métodos de laboratorio, los valores absolutos fueron diferentes. (AU)

Introduction: The objective of the study was to establish the normal range for the levels of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) in the first week post birth in mother-infant dyads, adjusting for obstetric and perinatal factors, based on 2 different laboratory methods. Methods: We took measurements in 83 healthy term neonates and their mothers, establishing 3 postpartum age groups: 1-2 days, 3 days, and 4-7 days. Results: There were no differences in the levels of any of the proteins between the different age groups in neonates or mothers in the first week post birth. The adjusted analysis found no association with obstetric or perinatal factors. The AT and PC levels were higher in mothers compared to infants (P<.001), while the PS levels were similar in both. Overall, the correlation of maternal and infant protein values was poor, except for the levels of free PS in the first 2 days post birth. Although we found no differences based on which of the 2 laboratory methods was applied, the absolute values did differ. (AU)

Actividad física en el embarazo y puerperio: prevalencia y recomendaciones de los profesionales sanitarios / Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum: prevalence and healthcare professionals recommendations

Objetivo: Valorar los cambios en la realización de actividad física (AF) en el embarazo y después del parto y explorarlo en función de la edad y el nivel de estudios. Analizar si los profesionales sanitarios dieron recomendaciones sobre la AF. Diseño: Estudio observacional. Sitio: La información procede del Sistema de Información sobre Conductas de Riesgo de Galicia. Participantes: La población objetivo fueron mujeres gallegas (18-49 años) que dieron a luz entre septiembre-2015 y agosto-2016. Medidas principales: Se estimó la prevalencia de realización de caminatas, ejercicio físico (EF) y recomendaciones de realización de la AF en tres momentos (pre-embarazo, embarazo y tras parto). Resultados: Las caminatas aumentaron 34,0% durante el embarazo y el ejercicio disminuyó 21,0%. Tras el parto las caminatas disminuyeron 37,0% y el ejercicio 32,0%, en comparación con el embarazo. Las mujeres de menor edad y con menor nivel educativo son las que realizan menos AF; 72,6 y 22,1% de las mujeres declaró que un profesional sanitario les recomendó AF durante el embarazo y tras el parto, respectivamente. Conclusión: La AF realizada durante el embarazo es fundamentalmente la caminata, y preocupa su abandono tras el parto. Los profesionales sanitarios recomiendan AF principalmente durante el embarazo, pero poco tras el parto. Para mejorar estas prevalencias sería conveniente el refuerzo de la acción sanitaria.(AU)

Objective: To assess changes in physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and after giving birth and to explore this according to age and educational level. To analyze whether the health professionals gave recommendations on PA. Design: Observational study. Site: Information is derived from the Galician Risk Behavior Information System. Participants: The target population was Galician women (aged 18-49 years) who delivered between september-2015 and august-2016. Main measurements: The prevalence of walking, physical exercise and PA recommendations were estimated for three moments (pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and after delivery). Results: Walking during pregnancy increased by 34,0% and the performance of physical exercise decreased by 21,0%. After delivery, walking decreased by 37,0% and physical exercise decreased by 32,0% compared to pregnancy. Women of younger age and lower educational level were those who performed less PA. 72,6% and 22,1% of women declared that a healthcare professional recommended PA during pregnancy and after delivery, respectively. Conclusion: The PA performed by women during pregnancy is mainly walking, and there is a concern about the abandonment of PA practice after delivery. Healthcare professionals recommend PA mainly during pregnancy, but little is recommended after delivery. It may be desirable for the improvement of this prevalence to reinforce health action.(AU)

Thrombin, protein C, and protein S values in mother-infant dyads in the postpartum period.

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to establish the normal range for the levels of antithrombin (AT), protein C (PC), and protein S (PS) in the first week post birth in mother-infant pairings, adjusting for obstetric and perinatal factors, based on 2 different laboratory methods. METHODS: Determinations were carried out in 83 healthy term neonates and their mothers, establishing 3 postpartum age groups: 1-2 days, 3 days, and 4-7 days. RESULTS: There were no differences in the levels of any of the proteins between the different age groups in neonates or mothers in the first week post birth. The adjusted analysis found no association with obstetric or perinatal factors. The AT and PC levels were higher in mothers compared to infants (P < .001), while the PS levels were similar in both. Overall, the correlation of maternal and infant protein values was poor, except for the levels of free PS in the first 2 days after delivery. Although we found no differences based on which of the 2 laboratory methods was applied, the absolute values did differ.

[Physical activity during pregnancy and postpartum: prevalence and healthcare professionals recommendations]. / Actividad física en el embarazo y puerperio: prevalencia y recomendaciones de los profesionales sanitarios.

OBJECTIVE: To assess changes in physical activity (PA) during pregnancy and after giving birth and to explore this according to age and educational level. To analyze whether the health professionals gave recommendations on PA. DESIGN: Observational study. SITE: Information is derived from the Galician Risk Behavior Information System. PARTICIPANTS: The target population was Galician women (aged 18-49 years) who delivered between september-2015 and august-2016. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The prevalence of walking, physical exercise and PA recommendations were estimated for three moments (pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and after delivery). RESULTS: Walking during pregnancy increased by 34,0% and the performance of physical exercise decreased by 21,0%. After delivery, walking decreased by 37,0% and physical exercise decreased by 32,0% compared to pregnancy. Women of younger age and lower educational level were those who performed less PA. 72,6% and 22,1% of women declared that a healthcare professional recommended PA during pregnancy and after delivery, respectively. CONCLUSION: The PA performed by women during pregnancy is mainly walking, and there is a concern about the abandonment of PA practice after delivery. Healthcare professionals recommend PA mainly during pregnancy, but little is recommended after delivery. It may be desirable for the improvement of this prevalence to reinforce health action.

Síndrome nefrótico secundario a preeclampsia: presentación, manejo y evolución clínica observados en 5 años de experiencia / Nephrotic syndrome due to preeclampsia: Presentation, management and clinical evolution observed in 5 years experience

Introducción: El síndrome nefrótico (SN) es una entidad rara durante el embarazo. En esta etapa, la preeclampsia (PE) severa es la principal causa. Nuestro objetivo fue describir la presentación clínica, las características analíticas, el manejo médico y la evolución de mujeres con SN por PE. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, realizado entre el 1 de enero de 2017 y el 1 de enero de 2022 (5años). Incluyó mujeres con embarazo ≥20semanas de edad gestacional (EG), internadas por trastorno hipertensivo del embarazo (THE), sin evidencia de daño renal previo a la gestación. Resultados: Entre 652 THE se identificaron 452 PE y 21 SN. La edad materna fue de 25±5,7 años, y la EG al diagnóstico, de 33,1±5,1 semanas. Todas presentaron edema facial y periféricos: 5 derrame pleural, 3 derrame pericárdico y 2 anasarca. La P24 fue de 6,17±2,34g (3,10-10,8), la albúmina sérica de 2,5±0,27g/dl (2,10-2,90) y el colesterol sérico de 281,4±21,7mg/dl (251-316). Hubo 13 que desarrollaron complicaciones maternas: daño renal agudo, edema pulmonar, miocardiopatía dilatada, eclampsia y síndrome HELLP. Todas permanecieron hipertensas en el posparto, requiriendo combinación de dos a tres fármacos antihipertensivos. En el posparto todas recibieron estatinas e inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) para el manejo de la proteinuria; ninguna desarrolló hiperkalemia o elevaciones de creatinina. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 10,4±3,7 días. Todas revirtieron los parámetros proteinúricos de rango nefrótico antes del alta. No se registraron muertes. Conclusión: La presentación incluyó desde edemas periféricos hasta compromiso seroso. La severidad de la proteinuria fue variable. El uso de IECA no precipitó hiperkalemia ni fallo renal. Las complicaciones maternas fueron frecuentes, pero no se observaron óbitos. (AU)

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is rare during pregnancy. The main cause is severe pre-eclampsia (PR). Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation, analytical features, medical management, and progress of women with NS due to PE. Materials and methods: A descriptive, retrospective study, conducted from 01/01/2017 to 01/01/2022 (5years). Women with a gestational age (GA) ≥20weeks were included in the study, hospitalised due to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), with no evidence of kidney damage prior to gestation. Results: Of the 652 HDP, 452 PE and 21 NS were identified. Maternal age was 25±5.7 years, GA at diagnosis was 33.1±5.1 weeks. All the women had facial and peripheral oedema: 5 pleural effusion, 3 pericardial effusion, and 2 anasarca. Their p24 was 6.17±2.34grams (3.10-10.8), serum albumin 2.5±0.27g/dL (2.10-2.90), and serum cholesterol 281.4±21.7mg/dL (251-316). Thirteen developed maternal complications: acute kidney damage, pulmonary oedema, dilated cardiomyopathy, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. They all remained hypertensive postpartum, and required a combination of two to three antihypertensive drugs. They all received statins postpartum, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to manage proteinuria. None developed hyperkalaemia or creatinine elevation. Hospital stay was 10.4±3.7days. All nephrotic range proteinuria parameters reversed prior to discharge. No deaths were recorded. Conclusion: Presentation ranged from peripheral oedema to serous involvement. Severity of proteinuria varied. Use of ACE inhibitors did not precipitate hyperkalaemia or kidney failure. Maternal complications were frequent, but no deaths were recorded. (AU)

Diagnóstico y manejo en primer nivel de atención de preeclampsia posparto de inicio tardío. Reporte de caso / Diagnosis and management of late-onset postpartum preeclampsia at the first level of care. Case report

Introducción: La hipertensión postparto de inicio tardío se presenta desde las 48 horas hasta las 6 semanas postparto, afectando al 2% de los embarazos relacionados o no con antecedentes de hipertensión gestacional. La preeclampsia posparto tiene una incidencia del 5,7% a las 72 horas del parto y está asociada a varios factores maternos como la edad (≥ 35 años), etnia (negra) y obesidad (IMC ≥ 30), presentando mayor riesgo en embarazos múltiples, madres añosas (mayores de 35 años) hogares con bajos ingresos económicos. Los síntomas más frecuentes de esta patología son cefalea, disnea, trastornos visuales y edema periférico.Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en un centro de salud de atención primaria, el manejo de una paciente diagnosticada de preeclampsia posparto de inicio tardío, así como las caracte-rísticas clínicas y factores de riesgo.Presentación del caso: Se presenta el caso de una paciente indígena de 32 años con antece-dente de parto gemelar quien en su control del puerperio a las 72 horas presentó hipertensión arterial, cefalea frontal, edema periférico y proteinuria estableciéndose el diagnóstico de pree-clampsia posparto de inicio tardío. No fue posible la referencia a un segundo nivel de atención por las características culturales de la paciente por lo cual recibió manejo clínico y tratamiento en el primer nivel de atención presentando una evolución favorable sin complicaciones. Conclusiones y recomendaciones: La hipertensión posparto de inicio tardío es una patolo-gía poco frecuente en el puerperio, infradiagnosticada, con complicaciones cardiovasculares a corto y largo plazo, por lo cual su diagnóstico, diferenciación y manejo debe ser óptimo en base a las recomendaciones existentes.

Introduction: Late-onset postpartum hypertension occurs from 48 hours to 6 weeks pos-tpartum, affecting 2% of pregnancies related or not to a history of gestational hypertension. Postpartum preeclampsia has an incidence of 5.7% at 72 hours postpartum and is associa-ted with several maternal factors such as age (≥ 35 years), ethnicity (black) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30), presenting higher risk in multiple pregnancies, elderly mothers (older than 35 years) low-income households. The most frequent symptoms of this pathology are headache, dysp-nea, visual disturbances and peripheral edema.Objective: To describe the experience in a primary care health center, the management of a patient diagnosed with late-onset postpartum preeclampsia, as well as the clinical characte-ristics and risk factors.Case presentation: We present the case of a 32-year-old indigenous patient with a history of twin birth who in her puerperium control at 72 hours presented arterial hypertension, frontal headache, peripheral edema and proteinuria establishing the diagnosis of late-onset pos-tpartum preeclampsia, after which treatment was initiated at the first level of care, making referral difficult due to cultural characteristics. Conclusions and recomendations: Late-onset postpartum hypertension is an infrequent pathology in the puerperium, underdiagnosed, with short and long-term cardiovascular com-plications, so its diagnosis, differentiation and management should be optimal based on existing recommendations

[Nephrotic syndrome due to preeclampsia: Presentation, management and clinical evolution observed in 5 years experience]. / Síndrome nefrótico secundario a preeclampsia: presentación, manejo y evolución clínica observados en 5 años de experiencia.

INTRODUCTION: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is rare during pregnancy. The main cause is severe pre-eclampsia (PR). Our aim was to describe the clinical presentation, analytical features, medical management, and progress of women with NS due to PE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, retrospective study, conducted from 01/01/2017 to 01/01/2022 (5years). Women with a gestational age (GA) ≥20weeks were included in the study, hospitalised due to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP), with no evidence of kidney damage prior to gestation. RESULTS: Of the 652 HDP, 452 PE and 21 NS were identified. Maternal age was 25±5.7 years, GA at diagnosis was 33.1±5.1 weeks. All the women had facial and peripheral oedema: 5 pleural effusion, 3 pericardial effusion, and 2 anasarca. Their p24 was 6.17±2.34grams (3.10-10.8), serum albumin 2.5±0.27g/dL (2.10-2.90), and serum cholesterol 281.4±21.7mg/dL (251-316). Thirteen developed maternal complications: acute kidney damage, pulmonary oedema, dilated cardiomyopathy, eclampsia, and HELLP syndrome. They all remained hypertensive postpartum, and required a combination of two to three antihypertensive drugs. They all received statins postpartum, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to manage proteinuria. None developed hyperkalaemia or creatinine elevation. Hospital stay was 10.4±3.7days. All nephrotic range proteinuria parameters reversed prior to discharge. No deaths were recorded. CONCLUSION: Presentation ranged from peripheral oedema to serous involvement. Severity of proteinuria varied. Use of ACE inhibitors did not precipitate hyperkalaemia or kidney failure. Maternal complications were frequent, but no deaths were recorded.

Relação entre iniquidade racial e violência obstétrica no parto / Relation between racial inequality and obstetric violence in childbirth

A iniquidade racial é a desigualdade em oportunidades e condições de vida que acontece em decorrência da etnia de uma pessoa. Indivíduos pretos, pardos e indígenas são modelos de povos que resistem aos desafios subsequentes dos processos históricos de segregação. Objetivo: Verificar a influência dos aspectos raciais na prática de violência obstétrica na atenção ao parto e nascimento. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo com abordagem quantitativa, de corte transversal, com coleta de dados prospectiva, realizado em uma maternidade pública na cidade de Goiânia, Goiás. Resultados: Pode-se determinar um cuidado menos satisfatórios para as mulheres negras quando comparado com as brancas para a maioria dos indicadores avaliados neste estudo. Mulheres pretas e pardas têm maior chance de sofrerem manobra de Kristeller, amniotomia precoce, privação alimentar no trabalho de parto, clampeamento imediato do cordão umbilical e menor chance de contato pele a pele e de ser ofertado métodos não farmacológicos para o alívio da dor. Conclusão: O fator raça/cor influencia no tratamento em que as mulheres recebem dentro do estabelecimento de saúde.

Racial inequity is inequality in opportunities and living conditions that occurs as a result of a person's ethnicity. Black, brown and indigenous individuals are models of peoples who resist the subsequent challenges of historical processes of segregation. Objective: To verify the influence of racial aspects in the practice of obstetric violence in labor and birth care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, with prospective data collection, carried out in a public maternity hospital in the city of Goiânia, Goiás. Results: Less satisfactory care can be determined for black women when compared to white women for most of the indicators evaluated in this study. Black and brown women are more likely to undergo the Kristeller maneuver, early amniotomy, food deprivation during labor, immediate clamping of the umbilical cord and less chance of skin-to-skin contact and being offered non-pharmacological methods for pain relief. Conclusion: The race/color factor alone influences the treatment that women receive within the health establishment.

Aleitamento materno: prevalência e fatores condicionantes em uma cidade do interior da região da zona da mata mineira / Breastfeeding: prevalence and conditioning factors in na inland city in the region of the mata mineira zone

: O aleitamento materno, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde, deve ser o único alimento para os bebês até 6 meses de idade e o principal para as crianças de até 24 meses de idade. Entre suas inúmeras vantagens destaca-se menores índices de morbidade infantil por diarreia, infecções respiratórias, otite média, proteção contra sobrepeso e diabetes. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a prevalência e os fatores condicionantes ao aleitamento materno das gestantes e lactantes investigadas, notando os padrões à implementação na rotina materna e suas dificuldades à essa prática. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, quantitativo com delineamento transversal. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de um questionário semiestruturado, para conhecimento materno em aleitamento, realizado com gestantes e puérperas cadastradas em uma Unidade de Saúde localizada no município de Ubá, Minas Gerais, caracterizando uma amostragem não-probabilística de 118 mulheres. Resultados: Considerando o conhecimento do termo Aleitamento Materno Exclusivo, 56,7% das mulheres entrevistadas relataram não saber, no momento da entrevista, seu significado; 23,7% relataram achar que existem situações em que o bebê não deva ser amamentado ou que a prática deva ser interrompida; 19,4% das mulheres relataram achar que existe "leite fraco", enquanto 100% acreditam ser um alimento adequado ao bebê. Conclusão: Neste estudo foi verificado que a disseminação de informações a respeito do aleitamento materno, apesar de já ter alcançado muitas mulheres, o número de mães que amamentam de forma correta, mesmo tendo recebido informações a respeito e as que amamentam até a idade adequada, ainda é baixo

Breastfeeding, according to the World Health Organization, should be the only food for babies up to 6 months of age and the main food for children up to 24 months of age. Among its many advantages, there are lower rates of infant morbidity due to diarrhea, respiratory infections, otitis media, protection against overweight and diabetes. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence and conditioning factors for breastfeeding among the investigated pregnant and lactating women, noting the standards for implementation in the maternal routine and their difficulties with this practice. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Data collection was carried out through a semi-structured questionnaire for maternal knowledge about breastfeeding, carried out with pregnant and postpartum women registered at a Health Unit located in the city of Ubá, Minas Gerais, featuring a non-probabilistic sample of 118 women. Results: Considering the knowledge of the term Exclusive Breastfeeding, 56.7% of the women interviewed reported not knowing, at the time of the interview, its meaning; 23.7% reported thinking that there are situations in which the baby should not be breastfed or that the practice should be interrupted; 19.4% of the women reported that they thought there was "weak milk", while 100% believed that it was a suitable food for the baby. Conclusion: In this study, it was verified that the dissemination of information about breastfeeding, despite having already reached many women, the number of mothers who breastfeed correctly, even having received information about it and those who breastfeed until the appropriate age, is still low

O pré natal psicológico como intervenção preventiva no período gravídico puerperal: uma revisão integrativa da literatura / Psychological prenatal care as a preventive intervention in the puerperal pregnancy: an integrative literature review / La atención psicológica prenatal como intervención preventiva en el embarazo puerperal: una revisión bibliográfica integradora

Ser mãe é um marco do desenvolvimento psicológico da mulher. Desse modo, a partir da confirmação da gravidez, há a necessidade de uma reestruturação e reajustamento de sua vida, com o intuito de tornar a experiência mais segura para mãe e filho. Sendo assim, a presente pesquisa tem como finalidade compreender os impactos emocionais no período gravídico puerperal, bem como investigar os efeitos do pré-natal psicológico na redução de possíveis psicopatologias que afetam mulheres no período reprodutivo. Em relação a metodologia, trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa de literatura, sendo utilizadas as plataformas Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Scielo, Capes Periódicos (CAPES) e Periódicos e Eletrônicos em Psicologia (PePSIC), aos descritores foram: Gestação; Puerpério; Acompanhamento psicológico, Pre natal Psicológico. Como resultado, houve a síntese dos artigos com a realização de um quadro incluindo as seguintes informações: autor; ano da publicação; título; metodologia; resultados e conclusão, tais artigos foram organizados por números de forma crescente. Conclui-se, que o pré-natal psicológico é indispensável, pois têm como objetivo principal buscar formas de melhorar o momento do parto e a experiência dessa nova fase, por meio da oferta de programas parentais que incluam ações educativas e aspectos psicodinâmicos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gestação; Puerpério; Acompanhamento Psicológico; Pre-natal Psicológico.

Being a mother is a milestone in a woman's psychological development. Thus, after the confirmation of pregnancy, there is the need for a restructuring and readjustment of her life in order to make the experience safer for mother and child. Thus, the present research aims to understand the emotional impacts of pregnancy and childbirth, as well as to investigate the effects of psychological prenatal care on the reduction of possible psychopathologies that affect women in the reproductive period. Regarding methodology, it is an Integrative Literature Review, being used the platforms Virtual Health Library (VHL), Scielo, Capes Periodicals (CAPES) and Periodicals and Electronic Psychology (PePSIC), the descriptors were: Pregnancy; Puerperium; Psychological monitoring, Psychological prenatal. As a result, there was the synthesis of the articles with the realization of a table including the following information: author; year of publication; title; methodology; results and conclusion, such articles were organized by numbers in an increasing form. It is concluded that prenatal psychology is indispensable, since its main objective is to seek ways to improve the moment of birth and the experience of this new phase, by offering parenting programs that include educational actions and psychodynamic aspects.

Ser madre es un hito en el desarrollo psicológico de la mujer. Por lo tanto, después de la confirmación del embarazo, hay la necesidad de una reestructuración y reajuste de su vida con el fin de hacer la experiencia más segura para la madre y el niño. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo comprender los impactos emocionales del embarazo y el parto, así como investigar los efectos de la atención psicológica prenatal en la reducción de posibles psicopatologías que afectan a las mujeres en el período reproductivo. En cuanto a la metodología, se trata de una Revisión Integrativa de Literatura, siendo utilizadas las plataformas Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), Scielo, Capes Publicaciones Periódicas (CAPES) y Publicaciones Periódicas y Electrónicas en Psicología (PePSIC), los descriptores fueron: Embarazo; Puerperio; Seguimiento Psicológico, Prenatal Psicológico. Como resultado, hubo la síntesis de los artículos con la realización de una tabla incluyendo las siguientes informaciones: autor; año de publicación; título; metodología; resultados y conclusión, tales artículos fueron organizados por números en forma creciente. Se concluye que la psicología prenatal es indispensable, ya que su principal objetivo es buscar formas de mejorar el momento del nacimiento y la vivencia de esta nueva etapa, ofreciendo programas de crianza que incluyan acciones educativas y aspectos psicodinámicos.

Impactos da pandemia da Covid-19 sobre o puerpério: interações e dinâmicas de um grupo de apoio virtual / Impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the puerperium: interactions and dynamics of a virtual support group

Resumo Este estudo buscou compreender o impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 sobre o puerpério a partir de interações em um grupo virtual. Pesquisa qualitativa, de caráter exploratório, que analisou um grupo de nove mulheres usuárias dos serviços básicos de saúde de diferentes Estratégias Saúde da Família do município de Currais Novos-RN, Brasil. O corpus resultado das interações foi submetido a Análise da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente do software IRAMUTEQ, e a análise de conteúdo, segundo Bardin. A dimensão analisada foi denominada de Assistência à Saúde (25,5% das unidades de contexto elementar). No grupo analisado, a pandemia culminou em fragilização e precarização nos fluxos de atendimento, resultando em dificuldades encontradas no acesso a serviços básicos da rede pública de saúde. As participantes revelaram que o suporte virtual proporcionou vínculos de amizade e fortaleceu a rede de apoio necessária ao enfrentamento das dificuldades do puerpério, pela troca de experiências.

Abstract This study seeks to understand the impact of the pandemic on the puerperium from the point of view of interactions in a virtual group. This study presents research with a qualitative approach, an exploratory character and analyzed a group composed of 9 women users of basic health services of different Family Health Strategies in the Municipality of Currais Novos-RN, Brazil. The corpus resulting from the interactions was prepared, revised, corrected and, subsequently, submitted to the Descending Hierarchical Classification Analysis of the IRAMUTEQ software, followed by content analysis according to Bardin. The dimension now analyzed was called Health Care, comprising 25.5% of units of elementary context. In the analyzed group, the covid-19 pandemic culminated in weak and precarious care flows, resulting in a series of difficulties that mothers encountered in accessing basic public health services, as well as the need to develop other strategies to respond to this scenario. In this perspective, the participants revealed that the virtual support provided bonds of friendship and strengthened the support network necessary to face the difficulties of the puerperium based on the exchange of experiences.

Immediate puerperium during the pandemic: women's oral history in the light of obstetric care models / Puerperio inmediato en la pandemia: historia oral de mujeres a la luz de modelos de atención obstétrica / Puerpério imediato na pandemia: história oral de mulheres à luz dos modelos de assistência obstétrica

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the immediate puerperium experience of women during the COVID-19 pandemic in a public maternity hospital in Curitiba/PR in southern Brazil. Method: A qualitative study, following the Thematic Oral History methodological framework. The setting was a high-risk maternity-school. Data collection took place through a semi-structured, audio-recorded, on-site interview, from October to December 2021, with analysis of results following the Thematic Oral History method, which comprises the phases of transcription, textualization and transcreation. Results: Nine women in immediate puerperium participated, with varied professions and aged between 25 and 34 years. Relevant topics were: "Maternity in a context of risk", which deals with emotional aspects related to the pandemic, health care during the pandemic and care actions against COVID-19; "Physical and symbolic perceptions of breastfeeding", which involves feelings, manifestations in the body and the symbolic of breastfeeding; "Achieve: direct and indirect transitive verb", which talks about women's power of personal transformation; and "Nuances of care", which addresses the (in)delicacies of the care received. Conclusion: The experience of immediate puerperium in hospital environments during the pandemic transversely went beyond aspects of pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium, revealing elements not related to the pandemic and others, such as fear of contamination specific to the pandemic context. Talking about their experience is an opportunity to expose feelings and align thoughts about their reality. Characteristics of childbirth care models orbiting between technocratic and humanized were observed, demonstrating aspects to be overcome by health professionals and worked with women.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir la experiencia del posparto inmediato de mujeres durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en una maternidad pública de Curitiba/PR en el sur de Brasil. Método: Estudio cualitativo, siguiendo el marco metodológico de la Historia Oral Temática. El escenario era una maternidad-escuela de alto riesgo. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de una entrevista semiestructurada, grabada en audio, cara a cara, de octubre a diciembre de 2021, con análisis de los resultados siguiendo el método de Historia Oral Temática, que comprende las fases de transcripción, textualización y transcreación. Resultados: Participaron nueve mujeres en puerperio inmediato, con variadas profesiones y con edades entre 25 y 34 años. Los temas relevantes fueron: "Maternidad en contexto de riesgo", que trata aspectos emocionales relacionados con la pandemia, la atención a la salud en la pandemia y las acciones de atención frente al COVID-19; "Percepciones físicas y simbólicas de la lactancia materna", que involucra sentimientos, manifestaciones en el cuerpo y lo simbólico de la lactancia materna; "Conseguir: verbo transitivo directo e indirecto", que habla del poder de transformación personal de la mujer; y "Matices del cuidado", que aborda las (in)delicadezas del cuidado recibido. Conclusión: La vivencia del puerperio inmediato en el ambiente hospitalario durante la pandemia permeó transversalmente aspectos del embarazo, parto y puerperio, revelando elementos no relacionados con la pandemia y otros, como el miedo a la contaminación, propios del contexto pandémico. Hablar de tu experiencia es una oportunidad para exponer sentimientos y alinear pensamientos sobre tu realidad. Se observaron características de modelos de atención al parto que orbitan entre tecnocráticos y humanizados, evidenciando aspectos a ser superados por profesionales de la salud y trabajados con mujeres.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a experiência de puerpério imediato de mulheres na pandemia da COVID-19 em maternidade pública de Curitiba/PR, no Sul do Brasil. Método: estudo qualitativo, seguindo referencial metodológico da História Oral Temática; o local foi uma maternidade-escola de alto risco; a coleta de dados deu-se por entrevista semiestruturada, audiogravada, presencial, de outubro a dezembro de 2021, com análise dos resultados seguindo o método História Oral Temática, que compreende as fases de transcrição, textualização e transcriação. Resultados: participaram nove mulheres no puerpério imediato, com profissões variadas e idade entre 25 e 34 anos. Os Temas Relevantes foram: "Maternar em um contexto de risco", que versa sobre aspectos emocionais relativos à pandemia, assistência à saúde na pandemia e ações de cuidado contra COVID-19; "Percepções físicas e simbólicas do aleitamento materno", que envolve sentimentos, manifestações no corpo e o simbólico do amamentar; "Conseguir: verbo transitivo direto e indireto", que fala sobre o poder de transformação pessoal das mulheres; e "Nuances do cuidar", que aborda (in)delicadezas do cuidado recebido. Conclusão: A experiência de puerpério imediato no ambiente hospitalar na pandemia perpassou transversalmente aspectos da gestação, parto e puerpério, revelando elementos não relacionados à pandemia e outros, como o medo da contaminação, específicos do contexto pandêmico. Falar sobre sua experiência é oportunidade de expor sentimentos e alinhar pensamentos sobre sua realidade. Foram observadas características dos modelos de assistência ao parto orbitando entre tecnocrático e humanizado, demonstrando aspectos a serem superados por profissionais de saúde e trabalhados com as mulheres.

Psychometric validation of the care transitions measure (ctm-15) for brazilian use in high-risk puerperal women / Validación psicométrica de la medida de transiciones de cuidado (ctm-15) para uso brasileño en mujeres púperas de alto riesgo / Validação psicométrica da care transitions measure (ctm-15) para uso brasileiro em puérperas de risco

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the reliability and validity of the psychometric properties of the Care Transitions Measure scale for use in at-risk Brazilian postpartum women. Method: This is a methodological study. Inclusion criteria: being hospitalized risk puerperal women, with access to a fixed or mobile telephone line after hospital discharge. A sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and the Social Support Scale of the Medical Outcomes Study were applied at the bedside. Between seven and 30 days, the Care Transitions Measure was applied by telephone. The reliability of the scale was tested by Cronbach's alpha. The Chi-Square adjustment test and respective degrees of freedom were performed to test the proposed model. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to verify any possibility of factor structure. Results: The Care Transitions Measure showed high internal consistency (0.902) overall and by factors. The four-factor model was statistically more adjusted when compared to the unifactorial model. The factor loadings showed values higher than 0.664, pointing to an effective contribution of each item. Also, when assessing the capacity for discrimination between the scales, the results showed a good capacity for discrimination. Conclusion: The instrument presented valid and reliable psychometric properties to evaluate the transition of care from the perspective of at-risk postpartum women. The four-factor model was statistically more adjusted.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la confiabilidad y validez de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Care Transitions Measure para uso en puérperas brasileñas. Método: Este es un estudio metodológico. Criterios de inclusión: ser puérpera de riesgo hospitalizada, con acceso a línea telefónica fija o móvil después del alta. Al pie de la cama se administró un cuestionario sociodemográfico y clínico y la Escala de Apoyo Social del Estudio de Resultados Médicos. Y por teléfono, entre siete y 30 días, aplicado a la Medida de Transiciones Asistenciales. La confiabilidad de la escala se probó mediante el Alfa de Cronbach. Para probar el modelo propuesto se realizó la prueba de ajuste chi-cuadrado y respectivos grados de libertad. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio para verificar cualquier posibilidad de estructura factorial. Resultados: La Care Transitions Measure mostró una alta consistencia interna (0,902) en general y por factores. El modelo de cuatro factores demostró ser estadísticamente más ajustado en comparación con el modelo de un factor. Las cargas factoriales presentaron valores superiores a 0,664, apuntando a una contribución efectiva de cada ítem. Aún así, al evaluar la capacidad de discriminación entre las escalas, los resultados mostraron una buena capacidad de discriminación. Conclusión: El instrumento mostró propiedades psicométricas válidas y confiables para evaluar la transición del cuidado desde la perspectiva de la puérpera en riesgo. El modelo para cuatro factores fue estadísticamente más ajustado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a confiabilidade e validade das propriedades psicométricas da escala Care Transitions Measure para uso em puérperas de risco brasileiras. Método: Trata-se de um estudo metodológico. Critérios de inclusão: serem puérperas de risco internadas, com acesso a linha telefônica fixa ou móvel após a alta. Aplicados questionário sociodemográfico, clínico e a Escala de Apoio Social do Medical Outcomes Study à beira do leito. E por telefone, entre sete e 30 dias, aplicada a Care Transitions Measure. A confiabilidade da escala foi testada pelo Alfa de Cronbach. Para testar o modelo proposto, foi realizado o teste de ajustamento do Qui-Quadrado e respetivos graus de liberdade. Fez-se análise fatorial exploratória para verificar alguma possibilidade de estrutura fatorial. Resultados: A Care Transitions Measure apresentou alta consistência interna (0,902) geral e por fatores. O modelo para quatro fatores se mostrou estatisticamente mais ajustado, se comparado ao unifatorial. As cargas fatoriais demonstraram valores superiores a 0,664, apontando para uma contribuição efetiva de cada item. Ainda, ao avaliar a capacidade de discriminação entres as escalas, os resultados apontaram boa capacidade de discriminação. Conclusão: O instrumento apresentou propriedades psicométricas válidas e confiáveis para avaliar a transição do cuidado na perspectiva de puérperas de risco. O modelo para quatro fatores se mostrou estatisticamente mais ajustado.